https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.105122
Abstract
Vibrant neighborhoods play a pivotal role in the human well-being and social cohesion. However, existing research amalgamates vitality discussions of varied functions, failing to offer nuanced insights for specific neighborhood planning. Another gap emerges from the lack of research focusing on cultivating neighborhood vibrancy based on bottom-up spatial perceptions at the eye-level. Therefore, our study delves into the spatial and temporal disparities in vitality between formal neighborhoods and urban villages. Both real and virtual indicators are employed to measure the physical and digital vitality of neighborhoods. We incorporate eye-level perceptions as a new explanatory variable based on the physical environment. Our findings suggest that real vitality exhibits a modest morning and evening peak on weekends, while virtual vitality continually increases and peaks at night. In addition to enhancing green and enclosed neighborhood environments, improving public transportation options that replace reliance on motorized travel could facilitate formal neighborhood vitality. Regarding urban villages, clear rights-of-way can boost commuting efficiency, spatial accessibility and road safety, while the provision of ample public facilities and public spaces fosters the creation of “15-minute living circles.” The differentiated planning recommendations could offer valuable insights to promote livable neighborhoods and ultimately help to improve human well-being.
📚 Background
The study investigates the concept of "neighborhood vitality" (NV), a critical element for urban development. Vibrant neighborhoods contribute to human well-being and social cohesion. The research focuses on the disparities between formal neighborhoods (FNs) and urban villages (UVs) in Shenzhen, exploring how different neighborhood environments, as perceived from the street level, impact both physical and virtual vitality. Previous research on neighborhood vitality lacked in-depth, context-specific insights. This study aims to fill these gaps by introducing a multidimensional approach to understanding vitality that incorporates both real and virtual indicators.
🎯 Research Purpose
The main goal of the research is to explore the factors influencing neighborhood vitality and offer practical planning recommendations. The study specifically seeks to:
- Quantify neighborhood vitality using real and virtual perspectives.
- Examine the role of the physical environment and eye-level spatial perceptions in shaping vitality.
- Compare vitality patterns between formal neighborhoods and urban villages.
- Propose tailored planning suggestions to enhance the livability of both types of neighborhoods.
🔍 Research Methodology
The study employs a sophisticated methodology that combines spatial and temporal analyses:
- Data Sources: The research utilizes diverse data sources, including Baidu heat maps, Weibo check-ins, and street-view images.
- Analytical Framework: Advanced models like Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) and XGBoost were used to assess the relationship between various physical and perceptual factors and neighborhood vitality.
- Spatial Perception: Eye-level perceptions of neighborhoods were integrated into the analysis, with subjective and objective measurements to provide a more nuanced understanding of vitality.
📊 Key Findings
- Spatial & Temporal Patterns: Both real and virtual vitality exhibit distinct spatial and temporal variations. Formal neighborhoods show higher vitality during daytime hours, while urban villages experience significant peaks at night.
- Impact of Physical Environment: Factors like population density, building density, and proximity to public transport significantly influence vitality. For formal neighborhoods, enhancing green spaces and reducing vehicular density improves vitality, while in urban villages, improving street design and public facility access is key.
- Role of Eye-Level Perceptions: The study underscores that residents' perceptions of the environment—whether a street feels "beautiful," "safe," or "lively"—can amplify the physical attributes of a neighborhood, influencing vitality outcomes.
🏙️ Practical Recommendations
- For Formal Neighborhoods: Increase green spaces, reduce motor vehicle congestion, and improve walkability.
- For Urban Villages: Focus on improving street accessibility, clear rights-of-way, and enhancing public services to create "15-minute living circles."
- Cross-Cutting Insights: Improve public transport networks to boost neighborhood vitality, especially in peripheral areas.
🌱 Conclusion
This research redefines neighborhood vitality by integrating both real and virtual vitality indicators. By focusing on eye-level spatial perceptions, the study offers a more holistic view of how residents interact with their environments. The findings contribute valuable insights to urban planning, particularly in the context of Shenzhen's ongoing transformation of urban villages and formal neighborhoods.
